Cosmology Review
*Doppler effect
- What causes it?
- What happens to the pitch of a siren as a police car comes towards you and then passes you and why?
- What is blueshift? redshift?
- Doppler formula for light Dl/l= v/c
- Be able to calculate the velocity of a galaxy from the Doppler shifted wavelength of a spectral line and its rest wavelength.
* Hubble’s Law
- What is Hubble’s Law and why is it consistent with the Big Bang Theory?
- Be able to calculate Hubble’s Constant from a graph of velocity vs distance for galaxies.
- Be able to calculate the age of the universe from Hubble’s constant using the simple model. What does the simple model assume?
- What has slowed down the expansion rate?
*Cepheid Variables
- What is a Cepheid variable?
- What relationship was first noted by the American astronomer Henrietta Leavitt in 1912 concerning Cepheids?
- Why can’t distances to galaxies be measured using parallax?
- Be able to find the distance to a Cepheid using a Cepheid of a known distance away with the same period
- Magnitude equation M = m + 5 - 5log(d).
- Magnitude equation solved for distance d=10(m-M+5)/5
*The Standard Model
- How many building blocks have been identified that are the fundamental constituents of matter?
- How many fundamental particles make up the matter of our everyday world and what are they?
- What is antimatter? What happens when antimatter meets matter?
- Be able to name the elementary force resposible for various situations.
*Big Bang Theory
- Be able to name 3 observations consistent with the Big Bang.
- What is the cosmological principle?
- What is cosmic microwave background radiation? (why can’t the Steady State Theory explain this)
- Was happening in the universe when it produced the background radiation?
- What is recombination?
- How does the Big Bang theory provides a natural way to explain the present abundance of the elements?
- What is a quasar and how do they give evidence for the Big Bang Theory?
- What are 3 possible fates of the universe and what will determine this?