Write the two rules of reflection for concave mirrors and sketch pictures illustrating each.

1. The diagram below shows two light rays emanating from the top of the object and incident towards the mirror. Describe how the reflected rays for these light rays can be drawn without actually using a protractor and the law of reflection.

Lesson 3: Concave Mirrors
Image Characteristics for Concave Mirrors

Draw ray diagrams using the rules described in the previous part of the lesson, for each of the following. Give the characteristics of the images formed.






1. Compare and contrast the images formed by concave and plane mirrors.



2. Identify the means by which you can use a concave and/or a plane mirror to form a real image.



3. Identify the means by which you can use a concave and/or a plane mirror to form a virtual image.



4. Identify the means by which you can use a concave and/or a plane mirror to produce an upright image.



5. Identify the means by which you can use a concave and/or a plane mirror to produce an inverted image.



6. Are all real images larger than the object?



7. The famous Chinese magician, Foo Ling Yu, conducts a classic magic trick utilizing a concave mirror with a focal length of 1.6 m. Foo Ling Yu is able to use the mirror in such a manner as to produce an image of a light bulb at the same location and of the same size as the actual light bulb itself. Use complete sentences to explain how Foo is able to accomplish this magic trick. Be specific about the light bulb location.

Explain what spherical aberration is.

Write the revised rules for ray diagrams for convex mirrors.

Draw ray diagrams for the following.

Lesson 4: Convex Mirrors
Image Characteristics for Convex Mirrors

The following questions pertain to the image characteristics of all types of mirrors discussed in this unit - plane mirrors, concave mirrors, and convex mirrors. Use your understanding of the object-image relationships for these three types of mirrors to answer the questions.

The diagram below shows a spherical surface which is silvered on both sides. Thus, the surface serves as double-sided mirror, with one of the sides being the concave and one being the convex side. The principal axis, focal point, and center of curvature are shown. The region on both sides of the mirror is divided into eight sections (labeled M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, and W). Five objects (labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) are shown at various locations about the double-sided mirror. Use the diagram to answer the questions #1-6.

1. The image of object 1 would be located in section ______.
M N P Q R S T W


2. The image of object 2 would be located in section ______.
M N P Q R S T W


3. The image of object 3 would be located in section ______.
M N P Q R S T W


4. The image of object 4 would be located in section ______.
M N P Q R S T W


5. The image of object 5 would be located in section ______.
M N P Q R S T W


6. The double-sided mirror would cause virtual image to be formed of objects ________.
a. 1, 2, and 4
b. 1, 2, and 3
c. 3 and 5
d. 4 and 5
e. 3 only

7. How can a plane mirror, concave mirror, and/or convex mirror be used to produce an image which has the same size as the object?


8. How can a plane mirror, concave mirror, and/or convex mirror be used to produce an upright image?


9. How can a plane mirror, concave mirror, and/or convex mirror be used to produce a real image?


10. The image of an object is found to be upright and reduced in size. What type of mirror is used to produce such an image?

1. A convex mirror has a focal length of -10.8 cm. An object is placed 32.7 cm from the mirror's surface. Determine the image distance.



2. Determine the focal length of a convex mirror which produces an image which is 16.0 cm behind the mirror when the object is 28.5 cm from the mirror.


3. A 2.8-cm diameter coin is placed a distance of 25.0 cm from a convex mirror which has a focal length of -12.0 cm. Determine the image distance and the diameter of the image.



4. The focal point is located 20.0 cm from a convex mirror. An object is placed 12cm from the mirror. Determine the image distance.